Base

The full API is browsable here.

Base is a standard library for OCaml. It provides a standard set of general-purpose modules that are well tested, performant, and fully portable across any environment that can run OCaml code. Unlike other standard library projects, Base is meant to be used as a wholesale replacement of the standard library distributed with the OCaml compiler. In particular, it makes different choices and doesn't re-export features that are not fully portable such as I/O, which are left to other libraries.

Note that an API for OCaml's channel-based I/O can be found in the Stdio library.

Relationship to Core_kernel and Core

Base is the smallest, most self-contained version of Jane Street's family of three standard library replacements. It is extended by Core_kernel, which is in turn extended by Core.

In sum:

Using the OCaml standard library with Base

Base is intended as a full stdlib replacement. As a result, after an open Base, all the modules, values, types, etc., coming from the OCaml standard library that one normally gets in the default environment are deprecated.

In order to access these values, one must use the Caml library, which re-exports them all through the toplevel name Caml: Caml.String, Caml.print_string, ...

The new modules and values made available by Base are documented here.

Differences between Base and the OCaml standard library

Programmers who are used to the OCaml standard library should read through this section to understand major differences between the two libraries that one should be aware of when switching to Base.

Comparison operators

The comparison operators exposed by the OCaml standard library are polymorphic:

val compare : 'a -> 'a -> int
val ( <= ) : 'a -> 'a -> bool
(* ... *)

What they implement is structural comparison of the runtime representation of values. Since these are often error-prone, i.e. they don't correspond to what the user expects, they are not exposed directly by Base.

To use polymorphic comparison with Base, one should use the Polymorphic_compare module. The default comparison operators exposed by Base are the integer ones, just like the default arithmetic operators are the integer ones.

The recommended way to compare arbitrary complex data structures is to use the specific compare functions. For instance:

List.compare String.compare x y

The ppx_compare rewriter offers an alternative way to write this:

[%compare: string list] x y

Base and ppx code generators

Base uses a few ppx code generators to implement:

However, it doesn't need these code generators to build. Instead, it uses ppx as a code verification tool during development. It works in a very similar fashion to expect tests.

Whenever you see this in the code source:

type t = ... [@@deriving_inline sexp_of]
let sexp_of_t = ...
[@@@end]

the code between the [@@deriving_inline] and the [@@@end] is generated code. The generated code is currently quite big and hard to read, however we are working on making it look like human-written code.

You can put the following elisp code in your ~/.emacs file to hide these blocks:

(defun deriving-inline-forward-sexp (&optional arg)
  (search-forward-regexp "\[@@@end\]") nil nil arg)

(defun setup-hide-deriving-inline ()
  (inline)
  (hs-minor-mode t)
  (let ((hs-hide-comments-when-hiding-all nil))
    (hs-hide-all)))

(require 'hideshow)
(add-to-list 'hs-special-modes-alist
             '(tuareg-mode "\[@@deriving_inline[^]]*\]" "\[@@@end\]" nil
                           deriving-inline-forward-sexp nil))
(add-hook 'tuareg-mode-hook 'setup-hide-deriving-inline)

Things are not yet set up in the git repository to make it convenient to change types and update the generated code, but they will be set up soon.

Base coding rules

There are a few coding rules across the code base that are enforced by lint tools.

These rules are:

The Base specific coding rules are checked by ppx_base_lint, in the lint subfolder. The indentation rules are checked by a wrapper around ocp-indent and the coding style rules are checked by ppx_js_style.

These checks are currently not run by jbuilder, but it will soon get a -dev flag to run them automatically.

Roadmap

Base is still under active development and there are several missing feature that are yet to be added. Consult the roadmap to see what is happening.